CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining relies on a structured workflow involving three core types of software to translate a digital design into a physical object. This guide focuses on the typical software required for CNC Routers.
1. Design Stage: CAD Software (What do you want to make?)
The process begins with CAD (Computer-Aided Design) software, which creates the 2D drawing or 3D model, defining what will be made.
- Autodesk AutoCAD: Focuses on highly precise 2D drafting. Excellent for designing flat parts, nesting, and complex technical drawings.
- SolidWorks: Professional-grade 3D parametric modeling. Best for complex mechanical parts and assemblies where revision control is crucial.
- FreeCAD: Open-source, free parametric 3D modeler. A powerful, cost-effective alternative for hobbyists, though it has a steeper learning curve.
Output: The result is a geometric file format such as .DWG, .DXF .STEP, .IGES, or .STL.
2. Programming Stage: CAM Software (How should the machine cut it?)
CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) software takes the CAD model, plans the cutting routes (toolpaths), and converts them into the machine language known as G-code. This defines how the part will be manufactured.
Crucially, many design projects do not require dedicated professional CAD software; some of the CAM solutions listed below contain full design capabilities that are completely sufficient for your project needs.
CNC Machine Focused CAM:
- VCarve Pro / Aspire: Highly Recommended for CNC Routers. Intuitive CAM specialized for 2D, 2.5D, and artistic 3D carving. Excellent for woodworking and signs.
- Carveco Maker/Pro: (Specialized 3D Carving) CAM software derived from the industry-standard ArtCAM, focusing on highly detailed 3D relief modeling and artistic sculpture. It is the professional choice for creative and intricate carving projects.
- Estlcam: Simple, low-cost CAM. Popular among hobbyists for its straightforward interface and basic 2D/3D toolpath generation.
- Mastercam: Industry leader for high-end CAM programming. Used globally in industrial settings for complex multi-axis machining.
Integrated CAD/CAM Solutions:
- Autodesk Fusion 360: The most popular all-in-one cloud-based platform, seamlessly integrating powerful CAD/CAM and CAE tools. Its comprehensive feature set, supporting everything from 3D modeling to generating toolpaths, makes it a favorite among professionals and hobbyists alike. A major benefit is that Fusion 360 offers a free version for personal, non-commercial use, making this integrated solution highly accessible.
3. Execution Stage: Control Software (Time to Run!)
The final stage involves the Control Software (GRBL-Compatible G-code Sender) running on your computer, which executes the G-code by sending the file, line by line, to the GRBL controller.
- Universal Gcode Sender (UGS): (Free and Open Source) A cross-platform G-code sender. It is highly reliable and is one of the most widely used senders specifically designed to communicate with GRBL controllers.
- Candle: Lightweight G-code sender optimized for GRBL. Features a very simple user interface and essential visualization tools, ideal for beginners.
- CNCjs: (Free and Open Source) A highly flexible, web-based G-code sender. It is known for its advanced features, customizable dashboard, and ability to be run on low-power devices like Raspberry Pi, offering remote control capabilities.
4. Machine Firmware (The Machine’s Translator)
GRBL Firmware is an open-source, high-performance firmware that is pre-installed on the control unit of your Carvemate ST series CNC machine. It acts as the interpreter, receiving G-code from the Control Software and translating it directly into the precise electrical pulses needed to drive the stepper motors. You will only need to install the Control Software (G-code Sender) on your PC to operate the machine.